Social Worker, A Social And Moral Compass For Social Work...

As a social worker, personal values can and often times conflict with professional values. â€Å"Values are deeply held preferences or ideals to which a person aspires† (Barsky, 2010). Neither right or wrong, personal values explain how individuals conduct their lives. To enhance the well being of an individual takes building a rapport and a professional relationship. While making ethical decisions, social workers should reflect to the The National Association Social Work (NASW) Code of Ethics. The NASW â€Å"serves as a social and moral compass for social work professional† (Cox, Tice, Long, 2016 p. 10). Commitment to clients, privacy and confidentiality, and as well as conflict of interest must be considered while interacting with clients and making ethical decisions. In the Eye on Ethics ethical dilemma case, the parents of Alice, a client of a social worker, beseeched the social worker for a special favor. â€Å"They explained that the social worker was an importa nt person in their family’s life and that it would mean a lot to them if the social worker would deliver a eulogy at their daughter’s funeral† (Reamer, 2002). Immediately, the social worker recognized the ethical dilemma. When considering the correct decision to make pertaining to the above dilemma, one must consider if speaking at a client’s funeral is ethical. When considering responsibility to the client and the choices faced by the social worker, the most important standard to consider is privacy and confidentiality. CanShow MoreRelatedMy Moral Compass1070 Words   |  4 PagesA compass is a navigational device that points the operator in a preferred direction, whereas a moral compass refers to the moral direction of the individual. A moral compass is something everybody has and lives by. It helps assist in formulating decisions, and is based on morals and virtues. Good managers need a strong moral compass to have the ability to influence others to follow suit, and do the right thing. My personal moral compass is directed by foundational influences, sources, beliefs, andRead MoreValues And Ethics Of Social Work904 Words   |  4 Pagesfield of social work because they serve as guidelines for behavior and conduct. What is social work exactly? A very simple and brief response is helping those in need and providing said persons with resources they could not attain on their own. It’s always aspiring to educate one’s self on new resources, information and newly developed theories. This is more than a career; this is a decision that makes one question the direction of their moral compass. Philosopher Mortimer Adler states, â€Å"Moral virtuesRead MoreMy Life As A Social Worker963 Words   |  4 Pagesobtained a Bachelors of Social Work. It was the idea of being able to help others that have gone through and are going through a similar experience she did, that inspired her to get a degree where she could be immersed in jobs of that nature. My Mother is one of the most selfless people I know. By going down the same field path, I can only hope I’ll be as great of a social worker and person as her. Even so, my mother is not the only reason that inspired me to become a social worker. I have always beenRead MoreMoral Compass And Personal Values1760 Words   |  8 PagesMoral Compass Essay Moral compass decides personal values and directs conscience toward understanding and practice of the Good and the Right. It is the thing that is embedded in us, directing us to make decisions that involve right and wrong (Thompson, 2017).    Personal Integrity The dictionary defines social conscience as â€Å"an attitude of sensitivity toward and sense of responsibility regarding injustice and problems in society†. And according to Killinger (2010), â€Å"integrity isRead MoreEnron, the Smartest Guys in the Room.1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe idea of inhumanity it was acceptable for them to continue with their unethical behavior. The moral compass is our natural feeling that makes people know what is right and wrong and how they should behave. If the working environment does not have moral standards and the individual is not strong enough to step aside, he/she will be drag down and lose their moral compasses. Some people lose their moral compasses and might not feel any responsibility for their actions, because a higher authority approvedRead MoreSocial Responsibilities of Business an Article by Friedman792 Words   |  3 Pages In Friedman’s article, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profi t, he gives two arguments for what, if any, social responsibilities a business has and why they have it. In his arguments, he presents a businessman in charge of running the business on behalf of the owner. The first point he raises in dictating what responsibilities the businessman should fulfill involves defining the businessman’s purpose. He was hired as an agent of the shareholders, the owners of the businessRead MoreThe Legal Standards And Regulations1433 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards are seen as obstructions to emergency situations where immediate decisions cannot be taken at difficult situations. Counter Arguments against the proposal: i) The legal standards and policies laid down should also contain the flexibility to work and prevent for future bad situations that may arise. Policy should be well designed to serve future needs and situations. B) Provisions are required to regulate and protect the safety critical computer based system: First provision: A provision shouldRead MoreTransformational Leadership And Successful Performance Outcomes1377 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluences their desire to address the needs and transcend agency goals into their own goals for all their children (Tafvelin, Hyvonen, Westerberg, 2014). The leadership models the importance of these items and participates in obtaining them and works with the staff on how to creatively address critical needs. Morality becomes a function of everyday inclusion. There is further reinforcement of the role and the associated level of commitment as advocates for ethical treatment of their harmed childrenRead MoreEthical Concepts And Principles Of Business Ethics1673 Words   |  7 Pagesinternal political goals, but on products and services that focus on the overall needs of customers. Such ethics not only reduces product liability claims but also is good for business. Very large businesses, such as pharmaceutical firms, effect social, institution and national policies, and so have a greater need to follow ethical standards, even when they require slow, costly, detailed analysis of products and services. This effort is more than compensated by the potential benefits of selectingRead MoreCesar Chavez Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders of the late twentieth century† (Griswold del Castillo); and one â€Å"who became the most important Mexican-American leader in the history of the United States† (Ender). Cesar Chavez; an American farm worker, who would soon become the labor leader that led to numerous improvements for union workers; it is recorded that Chavez was born near Yuma, Arizona on March 31, 1927 and died on April 23, 1993 in San Luis, Arizona. (Wikipedia) His life affected many others as his unselfish deeds changed the labor

Leading Innovation At Kelvingrove (A), Case Study Essay...

Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum in Glasgow, Scotland; a Victorian era museum established in 1901 to express the pride, wealth, and cultural ambitions of the industrial city of Kelvingrove, was in need of change in the late 1980’s to be more relevant to modern audiences. Starting in 1990, when Mark O’Neil joined the Kelvingore Museum, Mark was tasked with bringing innovation to the entire museum by the then director Julian Spalding. After an initial start by O’Neil into implementing some of Spalding’s radical innovative ideas, O’Neil was side tracked into a separate project at the St. Mungo’s Museum of Religious Life and Art. The St. Mungo’s work provided some insight and allowed experimentation with some of the innovative ideas†¦show more content†¦After closing for three years from 2003 to 2006 for the renovations to the building and to fully implement the storytelling approach Kelvingrove Museum has become the most pop ular touristy destination even surpassing Edinburgh Castle. What makes something innovative? In the context of the Kelvingrove Museum innovation the innovations employed took the traditional course of innovations similar to the typewriter, â€Å"how an innovation often draws from existing technologies and models for its application but uses these elements creatively in combination with new ones to form a uniquely different product.† (Utterback, 1996, p. 2) O’Neil used this concept at his first museum at Springburn rather than doing the history of locomotive building, for example, the staff created an exhibition on the history of work. â€Å"It covered all the important history, but it came right up to date and engaged with unemployment and training and what work meant where so many were unemployed,† (Liedtka Salzman, 2009, p. 4) O’Neil and his staff at Springburn did not throw out the traditional museum model of locomotive building history but used in packaging together with the current issues of unemployment in the community for a more differe nt but richer museum experience that is relevant to today. Using the experience from Springburn O’Neil then continued this similar innovative process at Kelvingrove Museum where he applied Spalding’s desire of using

Recruitment and Selection Process in Wipro Essay Example For Students

Recruitment and Selection Process in Wipro Essay Wipro is India ‘s largest IT services supplier with gross gross of $ 6.03 billion in the past fiscal twelvemonth. The company is into incorporate concern, engineering and procedure solutions at a cosmopolitan footing. The company employs more than 115000 people and is headquartered in Bangalore, India ( Web 01 ). The company is besides in other sectors like consumer attention, illuming, technology and health care. The company was established in 1945 by M.H Premji. But it was his boy and current president, Azim Premji who transformed the company into one of the most reputed trade names in India. Entirely due to his attempts, the company now has more than 40 ‘Centers of Excellence ‘ and operates in 4 continents. Like every successful company, Wipro besides gives high importance to Human Resource Management. The company is India ‘s 6th top employer. But the company is non even in the top 20 best employers of the state while their rivals like TCS, Infosys etc. are ever in the top 10 ( Web 02 ). Therefore it can be judged that the HR maps in the company demand to be exhaustively reviewed. In simple footings enlisting can be referred to as the procedure of seeking and pulling competent employees for a peculiar occupation ( Aswathappa, 2005 ). Companies invest a batch on enlisting procedure in order to avoid inappropriate choice. The recruitment procedure of Wipro is besides structured in a elaborate mode and involves three unit of ammunitions: Round 1- Written trial 1. Verbal: This is the first subdivision of the written trial where 15 inquiries will be asked to the campaigners to prove their proficiency in English linguistic communication and include inquiries related to synonyms, antonyms, similes, prepositions etc. A comprehension transition besides might be included for the campaigners to read. 2. Aptitude: This subdivision besides have 15 inquiries that are concerned with aptitude subjects like Time A ; Work, Time A ; Distance, Puzzles, Calendars, Ratio proportions, Ages, Pipes etc. 3. Technical: This is rather an of import portion of the written trial and involves 20 inquiries which are meant to prove the proficient cognition of the applier in C, C++, Java, Linux, UNIX, DBMS, SQL, Programming basicss, Hardware, Software Engineering, Micro-Processors etc. The inquiries will be chiefly based upon the proficient facets studied as a portion of university course of study. Round 2: Technical Interview The 2nd unit of ammunition is the most of import riddance phase in the enlisting procedure. In this phase the campaigners must hold through cognition in the basic proficient accomplishments in order acquire them cleared from T here. Therefore the campaigners are asked to acquire prepared on their academic topics before sitting for this unit of ammunition. Round 3: HR interview This is found to be the hardest portion of the enlisting procedure. This unit of ammunition is found to be a existent trial for even the most competent campaigners. The most common inquiries that re asked in this unit of ammunition include speak about oneself, why should the company engage the campaigner, why did he wish to fall in Wipro, etc. The emotional quotient of the campaigner is tested in this unit of ammunition in order to look into whether he is able to defy the force per unit areas of the occupation. The other facets that are being tested here affect communicating and vocabulary of the campaigner. Round 4: Placement Once the campaigner is selected, he will be provided with an employee codification figure by the HR director and a connection signifier will besides be handed over to him which he has to make full up. This turns him from a campaigner to an employee. About 40 % of the employees of Wipro are selected straight from campus enlistings. Another beginning of enlisting is through the NSR ( National Skill Registry ). Outline1 Wipro preparation theoretical account2 1.3 Custom Content Development ( CCD )3 1.4 Human Resource Planning4 1.5 Capability Maturity Model ( CMM )5 1.6 Decision6 Undertaking 27 2.1 Introduction8 2.2 Performance direction in Wipro9 2.3 Importance of public presentation assessment in Wipro10 2.4 360 grade feedback11 2.5 Uses of Performance Appraisal System in Wipro: Wipro preparation theoretical account The above figure illustrates the Wipro preparation theoretical account which involves seven phases. These phases happen in a back-to-back procedure. The chief phases are: Identify preparation demands Specify the acquisition ends and aims Gestate the preparation plan Develop preparation content Reappraisals by stakeholders Pilot preparation content Rollout preparation content This theoretical account helps in placing the exact preparation demands of the campaigners and provides them with the most appropriate preparation. The company is besides non behind in development enterprises. The Leadership Quality Survey of the company started in 1992 has vastly contributed in fostering Wipro ‘s best concern leaders. Wipro now has 8 qualities for leading which are formulated on the footing of Wipro vision, values and concern scheme. As a portion of this development enterprise, the company has introduced a 360 degree study procedure which would enable in bettering the competences and accomplishments of their concern leaders. This procedure begins with having feedbacks from related people and coatings when every member frames a Personal Development Plan ( PDP ) on the footing of the responses received. This Personal Development Plan develops on the footing of a seven-step plan that would assist the person to understand his strengths and failings every bit good as finding the action stairss. This plan named â€Å" Wingss of Change † to typify that it would convey up alteration or transmutation in the person. The Leadership Development Framework of Wipro is besides a critical constituent for bettering the leading qualities of its employees. This model is given below: This model would assist in understanding the major countries that form in relation to a leader in Wipro. Leadership Lifecycle Programs: The Company has formulated a scheme for Life Cycle Stage Development Plan. This plan has been developed in order to border distinguishable occupation profiles and map the competences needed for each occupation function. The needed competences determine the success of each occupation function. The different plans under this LSDP are: aˆ? Entry-level plan ( ELP ) – This plan as the name suggests is for entry degree employees and intends to better their managerial qualities. The chief mark group for this plan is campus recruits and besides campaigners who entered through sidelong entries. aˆ? New Leaders ‘ Program ( NLP ) – This is the 2nd degree of the LSDP. This degree is higher to Entry-level plan and is oriented for possible campaigners who are most likely to be the leaders of company in the hereafter. aˆ? Wipro Leaders ‘ Program ( WLP ) – This plan is intended for medium degree directors with the capableness of being a leader in the close hereafter. Through this plan, the directors are expected to better their manner of managing employees, operations, concern development and undertaking direction undertakings. The directors who come up from this plan become the precursors of Wipro values and Wipro ‘s concern operations. The Tradegy of JUlius Caesar EssayPerformance direction on the other manus can be considered as usage of interrelated schemes and techniques with an purpose to heighten the public presentation of persons, squads and organisations. An appropriate public presentation direction can be regarded as the premier factor in accomplishing the concern ends from the point of position of organisation. Therefore public presentation assessment is seen as the main constituent or tool of public presentation direction in Wipro. Hence the company must do certain that the public presentation direction system adopted must be capable of run intoing the demands of organisation and the stakeholders ( Humphreys, 2008 ). Thus public presentation direction becomes a nucleus constituent in advancing corporate administration ( Bach A ; Sisson, 2000 ). Since corporate administration is an issue of great relevancy in today ‘s concern scenario, public presentation direction becomes rather critical in Wipro. It forms a critical constituent of the corporate administration model which helps the direction or boards to direct, observe and react to the manner the company reacts to the ends, mission and consequences that is expected from it. Performance direction can be helpful to the company in three countries viz. : Enhancing the single productiveness Identifying the preparation demands Allocating the precise wagess An effectual method of public presentation direction must instill a model affecting both corporate and single public presentation planning. Therefore the HR must guarantee that the model involves: Clarification of public presentation aims to the employees. This must include pass oning the specific undertakings, results, behaviours, and other value systems related to one ‘s occupation. The HR must do certain that these public presentation aims are in alliance with the concern aims. aˆ? Individual or squads undergo periodical assessments in order to measure their public presentation against the aims set for them. aˆ? The employee or appraise is provided with the feedback about his/her public presentation from this assessment. aˆ? Proper acknowledgment or wages is provided to the appraises for their public presentation every bit good as any betterment in their wage or wage based on the public presentation. aˆ? There will be squad and single development so that the accomplishments and abilities of the squad every bit good as members are constructing. aˆ? In instance there is hapless public presentation, the employee is given proper guidance in order to steer him to the right way. aˆ? To set up a connexion between the advancement of capablenesss with corporate and concern planning. That means there will non merely be coming down from the consequences of concern planning but besides having a system which feeds back up. aˆ? Having the ability to measure the part made by single, squad and organisation for achieving its aims. Performance direction system can besides be used in assortment of intents like scrutinizing, rating, preparation, sequence planning etc ( Randell, 1994 ). Thus an effectual system can be helpful for the employees and squads to understand their aims and the concern ends every bit good as enables to acknowledge how efficaciously they are accomplishing the corporate ends. This attack therefore helps these parties to place and clearly specify their public presentation outlooks which are an indispensable portion of their occupation. If the people, procedures and public presentation are integrated with the concern ends, it would take to developing the abilities of the person every bit good as organisation therefore taking to their better public presentation. It is the public presentation assessment procedure which expresses the work criterions expected out of a specific occupation and the norms, values and behaviours that are associated with that occupation and eventually pass oning this w ith the concerned people. Performance direction therefore consequences in better public presentation which is more closely directed to the aims and demands of organisation. Performance assessment and its feedback aid the employees to understand the degree of their public presentation and happen out ways to better them. Therefore surveies reveal that some research workers focus on accomplishment of concern ends as the most of import ground behind implementing public presentation direction system while some others view it as a graduated table for bettering public presentation of one. In an organisation like Wipro, it is suggested that a system which fulfills both organisation every bit good as single demands must be followed. 2.4 360 grade feedback This is a widely accepted technique of public presentation assessment adopted by many companies. This method can be used in obtaining both qualitative and quantitative informations about an person ‘s public presentation. Thus it involves a more holistic attack and here the individual is rated based on the feedbacks obtained from people who work near to him i.e equals, higher-ups, subordinates etc. Apart from that the person has to undergo a self-rating procedure besides. This method of assessment is rather suited with the work environment and occupation nature in Wipro and can give positive consequences. 2.5 Uses of Performance Appraisal System in Wipro: Wipro can hold legion benefits out of the public presentation direction system if implemented decently. The major benefits derived out of it are: Performance direction is more concerned about the end products instead than mere activities or behaviours. Therefore ordaining that one individual is busy would non assist him acquire an assessment or publicity. He has to accomplish the preset consequences in order to acquire appraised. Performance Management helps in alining the concern procedures and operations to the aims of the organisation. There is a concatenation procedure in PM which exists in order to do certain that they are in understanding with the organisational aims. Raising an organization-wide long-run position of the organisation. An effectual method of public presentation direction should follow a system-based attack which aims at the consequences or end products of the concern procedures ( Swanson, 1999 ). In other instances, the consequence is bound to hold certain mistakes. Performance direction would ensue in meaningful measurings which can be applied in legion countries like benchmarking, framing criterions for comparing the company ‘s patterns with the most industry accepted criterions. They point out results during development attempts, such as employee preparation, direction development, quality plans, etc. Thus public presentation direction makes certain that employees are every bit treated and they receive wagess based on true public presentation. This manner the employees will be able understand their strengths and failings ( Brets et.al. 1992 ). It would assist them to be cognizant about the responsibilities they have to bear and therefore move harmonizing to his higher-up ‘s outlooks ( Rees A ; Porter, 2008 ).

Rubeola or measles free essay sample

Rubeola, or measles, is a communicable disease that is highly contagious and easily spread from person to person through close physical contact or direct contact with infected bodily secretions. â€Å"Measles is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family† (Measles, 2013). Paramyxoviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that infect respiratory cells. If an infected individual coughs or sneezes they expel mucous membrane cells within their secretions. The virus stays active and therefore contagious for up to 2 hours in the air and on surfaces. People can contract the illness by touching contaminated surfaces and then transferring the infected cells to their own person. The primary at risk groups for contracting measles are unvaccinated young children and non-immune individuals. The symptom onset of measles initially presents 10-12 days after exposure has occurred. It begins with a fever greater than 100. 4F, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, malaise, and white spots inside the cheeks. A rash follows that typically starts on the head and migrates downward to the hands and feet. We will write a custom essay sample on Rubeola or measles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rash typically remains for 5-6 days and then fades. Dehydration often results secondary to the fever. Serious complications can happen and are more common in developing countries where malnourishment and vitamin A deficiencies are more prevalent. One in ten cases results in ear infections, which is the most common secondary infection seen globally. However, in developing countries, pneumonia and diarrhea are seen in one in five cases. A severe complication that can result from a measles infection is encephalitis. Encephalitis is swelling in the brain, it starts with the  high fever and headaches and progresses to loss of motor function, cognitive impairments, seizures, blindness and eventually death. Death secondary to measles is caused by these secondary infections and severe complications. Should a person exposed to measles survive the disease process they will acquire natural immunity to the disease. Epidemiological Data and Analysis With the discovery of vaccinations and the widespread availability of these vaccinations, the mortality rate of rubeola has been dramatically improved upon. Prior to 1980, and the beginning of the expanded vaccination efforts, approximately 2.6 million deaths occurred each year throughout the world. (â€Å"Measles†, 2013). As of 2000, measles is no longer considered to be endemic in the U. S. , which effectively equates to eradication of the disease throughout the year in this country. However, due to ease of global travel and the disease prevalence outside the U. S. , measles cases continue to occur within our borders. The disease was the cause of approximately 158,000 deaths worldwide in 2011, the majority of which were children under 5 years of age. During the same year only 222 total cases were reported in the U.S. with no deaths resulting. These cases occurred in 17 separate areas and in each instance the primary infection was found to have originated outside of U. S. borders. The United States has an overall vaccination rate for measles of 90. 8% of children having received initial immunization by 35 months of age per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The elimination of the disease process within the U. S. can be attributed to the high vaccination rate achieved. As previously stated, worldwide there were approximately 158,000 deaths in 2011 secondary to measles. Per the World Health Organization, this was a 71% decrease from the reporting period ending in 2000 where there was an estimated 548,000 deaths caused by the measles virus. â€Å"In 2011, about 84% of the world’s children received one dose of measles vaccine by their first birthday†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Measles, 2013). These vaccination efforts have been effective in decreasing the mortality and morbidity rate on a global scale. Community Effect Should a measles outbreak occur in Bay County Florida, approximately 3,337 people or 9% of the population under the age of 18 would have the potential for exposure to the disease. Per the 2010 census there were 37,076 people under the age of 18 that resided in Bay County. Florida has a vaccination rate of 91% of all children having received the measles vaccine as recommended. Due to the delayed incubation period of the disease, school aged children may have interaction will their peers and allow for exposure to occur prior to symptoms presenting. SARS Outbreak The reporting system for communicable disease is a five class system dependent on the disease as determined by the CDC and WHO. SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) is a class 2 disease. Upon initial suspicion of the diagnosis of SARS the provider should immediately notify the local health department by phone (24 hours a day 7 days per week) of the suspected diagnosis. Laboratory testing should be ordered at that point and the individuals in question should be quarantined pending laboratory results. The infected individuals’ personal contacts must be traced and all individuals that the suspected infected person had close personal contact with, where the potential for droplet transfer may have occurred, must also be quarantined and tested. The local health authorities will then notify the state and federal agencies as protocols dictate. Air Quality Index Upon receiving patients into their care, the community health nurse should complete a thorough history and physical on the client. Initial care of the patients should already include ensuring they have and maintain adequate rescue medications in their home and instructions should be given to ensure they keep these medications with them when they venture outside. Education should be provided to ensure the patient is capable of utilizing these medications and that they understand when to implement their use. Initial intake should also include determining the most effective strategies they can employ during episodes of dyspnea, whether it is a simple position changes or rescue medications, ensuring patient understanding of care is a must. Their homes should be evaluated for potential pollutants and they should be instructed to maintain air filter systems in their homes. Patients should be taught how to monitor for outdoor air quality either through the internet or new media on a daily basis. When the air quality index is poor, patients with asthma and other respiratory diseases can be drastically affected in a negative manner. The community health nurse must ensure that each patient is safe in their environments. Instructions must be relayed to them that the air quality level could adversely affect them. A phone tree or automatic messaging system could be employed to ensure each patient receives and update as to the condition changes and its potential effect on their health. They should be instructed to avoid being outdoors and to maintain in home air quality utilizing air filtering through their heat or air conditioning units. The clients should be directed to utilize masks that cover their mouth and nose should they need to leave their homes, and they should be directed to avoid additional triggers while out of their homes. Should travel be necessary they need to be directed to use the in cabin air filters of their vehicles. Lastly, each patient should be reminded of when and how to seek emergency care should their condition deteriorate.

The Scarlet Letter Essays (233 words) - English-language Films

The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter the author uses several symbolic things. He uses the rose bush that is in the midst of all the grayness. Pearl, Hesters' daughter is also a symbol. The scarlet A that Hester has to wear is a symbol that she is an adulteress. The author goes on to describe these in great detail. The setting in this puritan town, Boston, the author describes everything as being gray. Everything sounds so depressing, but he talks about this rose bush right next to the prison. It symbolizes that nature has some kind of sympathy for these criminals. The rose bush is so beautiful, yet it is outside of a prison. Hester had a daughter, Pearl. Pearl is a child of Dimmesdale, which is not Hesters' husband. Pearl is very beautiful, yet she is often referred to as a demon child. Pearl is very violent, she throws rocks at the other kids. She is symbolic because she was conceived in a very ugly situation, but she is a very beautiful kid. Another symbolic thing is the scarlet A that Hester has to wear. She wears it to let everybody know that she is an adulteress. An A on her clothes changes the way people think of Hester. Something so insignificant such as a piece of cloth changes a whole life and causes a whole lifetime of pain and suffering.

Free Essays on Give the Public What it Wants

â€Å"Give the Public What it Wants† In reading, â€Å"Give the Public Want it Wants† by Mauer, the most interesting thing to me was how juveniles are portrayed to account for more of the violence than they actually do. It seems that now when I watch the news, I seem to see atleast three to four stories on teenage shootings, or teenagers getting heavy drug charges. I still would not hold juveniles accountable for most of the violence. Also, in this article there is a lot of talk about the distortion of reports throughout the local news broadcasts, newspapers, radio, and etc. This was interesting to me because, who knows what is the actually truth. They let us see what we want to see. Just as in the article, Mauer stated that all the reporters had to do were to get to the crime scene and let wind get in their hair. For some reason the public likes the yellow tape, the chalk, and the evidence; in which it seems to be quite entertaining. I agree with Mauer about crime as being a good visual effect. Crime is a widespread issue. The public wants to know what is going on around them, especially if they feel that they could be in danger. Fear plays a big part to local news stations, newspapers, radio stations, and etc. If we didn’t fear for our lives, then there would not be any need to inform us on the dangers surrounding us. As you watch the news today, you would believe that homicide rates are increasing rapidly. In reality that are actually decreasing. Mauer states that the media never gives data statistics. I truly believe that. The news gives the who, what, where, and why. The public does not get the percentages, and numbers behind the crimes. For example, let’s take the Kobe Bryant incident. Everybody knows him as a young, successful professional basketball player. It was very entertaining to see that he had first, cheated on his wife, and then denied it. Also, it was just as entertaining because half of... Free Essays on Give the Public What it Wants Free Essays on Give the Public What it Wants â€Å"Give the Public What it Wants† In reading, â€Å"Give the Public Want it Wants† by Mauer, the most interesting thing to me was how juveniles are portrayed to account for more of the violence than they actually do. It seems that now when I watch the news, I seem to see atleast three to four stories on teenage shootings, or teenagers getting heavy drug charges. I still would not hold juveniles accountable for most of the violence. Also, in this article there is a lot of talk about the distortion of reports throughout the local news broadcasts, newspapers, radio, and etc. This was interesting to me because, who knows what is the actually truth. They let us see what we want to see. Just as in the article, Mauer stated that all the reporters had to do were to get to the crime scene and let wind get in their hair. For some reason the public likes the yellow tape, the chalk, and the evidence; in which it seems to be quite entertaining. I agree with Mauer about crime as being a good visual effect. Crime is a widespread issue. The public wants to know what is going on around them, especially if they feel that they could be in danger. Fear plays a big part to local news stations, newspapers, radio stations, and etc. If we didn’t fear for our lives, then there would not be any need to inform us on the dangers surrounding us. As you watch the news today, you would believe that homicide rates are increasing rapidly. In reality that are actually decreasing. Mauer states that the media never gives data statistics. I truly believe that. The news gives the who, what, where, and why. The public does not get the percentages, and numbers behind the crimes. For example, let’s take the Kobe Bryant incident. Everybody knows him as a young, successful professional basketball player. It was very entertaining to see that he had first, cheated on his wife, and then denied it. Also, it was just as entertaining because half of...

Procedures or Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Procedures or Methods - Essay Example All in all, eating disorders are a serious problem facing many high school students, and they need to be mitigated. This paper will outline the research methods that can be used to carry out research causes of eating disorders for high school students, and how these disorders can be mitigated. The research design of this topic included four approaches. They were: which questions to study, which information is applicable, what data to gather, and how to evaluate the findings. The best research plan depends on the research question plus the orientation of the researchers (Discovery Education, 2009). Every design, however, has its negative and positive sides. In this particular study, the researcher can first identify the questions that need to be answered through research. The next step would entail finding out which information is applicable and useful. The research can then discern the data to gather, after which he or she can come up with ways of evaluating the validity of the findings. Students’ chances for developing bulimia or anorexia were assessed through the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). This test was developed by Garner and colleagues in 1982 (Hodges, 2009). The test is a 26-item questionnaire split into three subscales, dieting, oral control, as well as bulimia, which is commonly used to monitor peoples eating behaviors and attitudes that are associated with nutrition disorders. Higher scores reveal more disordered behaviors and attitudes than lower scores. Scores of 15 to 26 show a medium level of threat for developing a nutrition disorder. Scores of 27 and beyond, on the other hand, signify a high level of risk for developing a nutrition disorder. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 has been authorized in various age groups and cultures, and would therefore be the best research instrument in finding out the causes of eating disorders and how they can be mitigated (Hodges, 2009). For

Which aspects of Communism posed a challenge to liberal capitalism in Essay

Which aspects of Communism posed a challenge to liberal capitalism in the first half of the Twentieth Century - Essay Example Furthermore, in the communist system of Government basic needs such as health care and education are provided by the state since wealth was also equally distributed. The press was also owned and controlled by the state. The central focus of the communist system was on communal progression. On the other hand, the capitalist system was driven by the democratic system of Government and allowed for private ownership of property as well as press freedom. Furthermore in the capitalist system wealth was not evenly distributed since free enterprise was allowed, and its central focus was on individual progression1. Since the shift from communism to capitalism system was preferred towards the first half of the twentieth century, several aspects of communism posed different challenges to liberal capitalism. This academic paper shall focus on the different aspects of communism that posed challenges to liberal capitalism in the first half of the twentieth Century. This paper shall also address other related features such as the relationship between communism and coercion as well as how communism was understood in different parts of Europe2. Before the shift from Socialism to Capitalism in parts of Europe such as Russia, empires were under monarchs. The Russian society was composed into four groups namely the noble who were the ruling class, the upper class who were the clergy, the middle class and the masses. By that period, the ruling emperor was known as Tsar Nicholas the second and had unlimited political power. The noble and upper class owned majority of the land while the majority of the population entailed peasants who were poverty stricken and powerless. When the Russian system shifted from Communism to Capitalism, serfs could not own property hence market forces were not driven by free enterprise. Furthermore, the serfs were not completely free hence the Government was not democratic in any way3. Since theculture in severalcountriesincluding Russia

Health Care Administration Ethics Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Care Administration Ethics - Movie Review Example On this basis, he was not an expert of a leverage buyout. Initiating a merger with the company would have proved successful, and on this note, it was surprising for him to engage in a buyout. Another issue is that he tried to remodel RJR Nabisco, which was a company that consisted of a diverse group of companies. He was not successful in this attempt. However, his decision to buy RJR Nabisco experienced some challenges with the emergence of another company, referred to as KKR. These are experts in LBO buyouts, and this result in a series of negotiations and exchanges, leading to the failure of the buyout. One of the opinions raised by the author is that leveraged buyouts have to be conducted by people experienced in the same. This is because the author is able to depict in the movie that Ross Johnson was not qualified enough to engage in a leveraged buyout because he was an expert of a buyout, and not a merger (Thomas, 74). On this basis, the KKR Company was better placed to handle the buyout, as opposed to the firm employed by Ross Johnson that is Shearson Lehmann. Furthermore, the author is against leverage buyout, and this is because it uses the company’s debts and equity as collateral in purchasing a given company. In the view of the author, this is unethical business practice. Furthermore, the author identifies the greed and corrupt activities of Wall Street managers, whose ambition is driven by making more money. This was the case of Ross Johnson, as well as the managers of KKR Company. They were engaged in a series of price wars, and negotiations, without involving the shareholders, or even catering for the interests of the shareholders (Russell, 17). These opinions by the author are valid, and they are even reflected in the real life situation of the business world. For instance, Lehman Brothers was an equity investment company that collapsed in

Formaldehyde: History and Importance

Formaldehyde: History and Importance 1.0INTRODUCTION Formaldehyde is the first member of the aldehyde family (CH2O) and is the most important aldehyde in the environment.3 It is a naturally occurring chemical and a by-product of most organisms, including human, industrial and natural processes. Formaldehyde forms from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials; smoke from forest fires, in automobile exhaust, and in tobacco smoke. Atmospheric formaldehyde is formed by the action of sunlight and oxygen on methane and other hydrocarbons.2 Due to its simple nature, metabolic processes break formaldehyde into carbon dioxide. Formaldehyde does not accumulate in the environment or within plants, animals or people, as it quickly breaks down in the body and the atmosphere.1 It has a pungent odour and is an irritant and is an irritant to eyes, nose and throat, even at low concentrations. The recommended odour detection limit is between 0.05 1ppm.3 Formaldehyde is an important industrial chemical and is employed in the manufacture of many industrial products and consumer articles. More than 50 branches of industry now use formaldehyde, mainly in the form of aqueous solutions and formaldehyde-containing resins. In 1995, the demand for formaldehyde in the three major markets Northern America, Western Europe, Japan was 4.1ÃÆ'-106 t/a [Chem. Systems Inc.: Formaldehyde (April 1996).]. History of Formaldehyde Research in the early 1800s by Liebig discovered the chemical composition and nature of various aldehydes excluding formaldehyde due to the ease with which methanol was oxidized to formic acid and further synthesized to carbon dioxide and water.5 In 1859, Alexandra Mikhailovich Butlerov inadvertently discovered formaldehyde as a result of his proposed synthesis of methylene glycol [CH2 (OH)2]. During his laboratory experiment, Butlerov observed the distinctive odour of the formaldehyde solution while hydrolysing methylene acetate, which decomposed to form formaldehyde and water. 5 He also produced formaldehyde in other forms which led him to publish a detailed report of formaldehyde solution, its gas and polymer. He gave additional evidence of its structure and described the chemical reactions together with the creation of hexamethylenetetramine, [(CH2)6N4] on reacting with ammonia, (NH3). The main way by which formaldehyde is still being produced till date was discovered by A.W. Hofmann but with other catalysts. In 1868, Hofmann made a successive breakthrough by passing a mixture of methanol and air over a heated platinum spiral. This process is currently industrialised by use of a metal catalyst. Over two decades later, the isolation and purification of formaldehyde was achieved by Friedrich Von Stradonitz (1892). 4 1882 marked two significant improvements in formaldehyde research. Kekule then described the preparation of pure formaldehyde and Tollens discovered a method of regulating the methanol vapour: air ratio, thereby affecting the yield of the reaction.6 The spiral platinum catalyst was replaced with more efficient copper gauze in 1886 by Leow. Commercial manufacture of formaldehyde was initiated by a German firm, Mercklin and Losekann in 1889 with the first use of silver catalyst patented by Hugo Blank, another German company in 1910. 6 Industrial development continued from 1900 to 1905, when plant sizes, flow rates, yields, and efficiency were increased. In 1905, Badische AnilinSoda-Fabrik (BASF) started to manufacture formaldehyde by a continuous process employing a crystalline silver catalyst. Formaldehyde output was 30 kg/d in the form of an aqueous 30 wt% solution. The methanol required for the production of formaldehyde was initially obtained from the timber industry by carbonizing wood. The development of the high-pressure synthesis of methanol by BASF in 1925 allowed the production of formaldehyde on a true industrial scale. 6 Importance of Formaldehyde For several decades, formaldehyde has been used consistently in a wide range of products, ranging from personal hygiene, to medicine, to building products and much more. Many different resins are created from formaldehyde, which are in turn used to create other materials having different properties. Formaldehyde derivatives are used as preservatives in personal hygiene products because they kill bacteria or they are used to make other products more effective in terms of foaming action such as soaps and detergents. Its versatile chemistry and unique properties have created applications for use of formaldehyde in all kinds of every day products such as plastics, carpeting, clothing, resins, glues, medicines, vaccines and the film used in x-rays. One of the first benefits you derive from formaldehyde chemistry is as a child, when you received your vaccinations for childhood diseases. These include diphtheria, polio and influenza, to name a few. Since it also acts as a preservative, formaldehyde plays a critical role in our medical schools, preserving cadavers used in teaching human anatomy. It has been used for tissue and organ preservation for more than a century and has greatly assisted the advance of biological science.1 Importance of Green Processes The concept of Green Chemistry helps reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. This helps in dealing with the ever growing increase to protect the environment and the concept of sustainability. A lot of emphasis is based on the research and development phase of each chemical or product, to curtail issues affecting human health and environmental pollution. For every chemical or given product, the following guidelines should govern the choice of route:7 * Choice of feed-stock (costs are relevant of course, but also total resources, energy, waste, etc. in the manufacture of the given feed-stock are important factors) * Choice of reaction path (minimise energy requirements by use of selective catalysts) * Choice of catalyst (efficiency, separation from product, recycling of catalyst) * Down-stream processing/unit operations (minimising the number of stages necessary to obtain the product in the state desired by the customer) * Minimising not only the amount pollutants, but also the volume of waste streams (effluent/ off-gases and solid waste) * Recycling of auxiliary, side-, and intermediate products into the process. This report focuses on physical and chemical properties of formaldehyde (CH2O), its production processes and evolution through time as it tries to conform to some of the principles of green chemistry. 2.0PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS FORMS OF FORMALDEHYDE Formaldehyde is more complicated than many simple carbon compounds because it adopts different forms. Formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature, but the gas readily converts to a variety of derivatives. These derivatives generally behave similarly to gaseous formaldehyde and are used in industry.4 Physical Properties I. Monomeric formaldehyde: This form of formaldehyde [50-00-0], CH2O is a colorless gas that has a foul, overpowering odour and is an irritant to eyes, nose, throat and skin. Monomeric formaldehyde liquefies at -19 °C, and solidifies at -80 °C to give a white paste. The liquid and gas phases polymerise readily at low and normal temperatures up to 80 °C. Pure formaldehyde gas, on the other hand, does not polymerise between 80 100 °C and behaves as an ideal gas. Though it is not commercially available in this form, it can be prepared in the laboratory by the Spencer and Wilde method.6, 3 The molecular formula of gaseous formaldehyde in ambient air is shown below. II. Trioxane: 1, 3, 5- Trioxane is a stable cyclic trimer of formaldehyde, C3H6O3. It appears as a white solid with a chloroform-like odour but does not cause any form of irritation to living things. The pure form of trioxane melts at 61 62 °C boils at 11 °5C and has a flash point of 45 °C. Trioxane is used as a feedstock for some plastics, solid fuel tablet formulas and as a stable source of formaldehyde in laboratories.8, 3 III. Paraformaldehyde: this is a colourless, granular solid with a pungent and irritating smell. It is prepared by condensation of methylene glycol (HOCH2 OH), and its composition is best expressed by the formula HO- (HCHO) Q-H. Paraformaldehyde melts over a wide temperature range (120-170C), which depends on the degree of polymerization. It has similar uses to formaldehyde; it is commonly used as a source of formaldehyde for disinfecting large areas.3 IV. Formalin: The primary market for formaldehyde is in aqueous form, Formalin. It is a clear solution with the characteristic odour of formaldehyde. Methanol is normally present, 6-15%, to suppress polymerisation. In aqueous phase, the dominant form of formaldehyde is methylene glycol and polyoxymethlene glycol for concentrated solutions.3 Chemical Reactions of Formaldehyde I. Decomposition: In thermal decomposition, formaldehyde is relatively stable. At 150C, formaldehyde undergoes heterogeneous decomposition to form methanol and carbon dioxide. Above 350C, the reaction decomposes to form carbon dioxide hydrogen. Catalysts such as platinum, copper, chromium and aluminum are involved in this decomposition reaction to form methanol, methyl formate, formic acid, carbon dioxide and methane.6 2HCHO à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢CH3OH+CO HCHO à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢CO+ H2 II. Polymerisation: At room temperatures and very low pressures, formaldehyde monomer vapours tend to polymerise while at higher temperatures, monomeric HCHO can be maintained readily for several hours without polymerisation at an equilibrium vapour pressure. In the aqueous phase, formaldehyde is oxidized readily by even mild oxidizing agents, such as Ag(NH3)2+, and this property has been exploited in the development of several wet-chemical analytical methods for formaldehyde.3 III. Reduction and Oxidation Reactions: Formaldehyde is readily reduced to methanol with hydrogen over a nickel catalyst and is oxidized by nitric acid, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate or oxygen to form formic acid or carbon dioxide, and water.6, 3 A Cannizzaro reaction occurs when formaldehyde reacts with a strong alkali or heated acid to form methanol and formic acid. HCHOaq+ NaOH à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢HCO2Na+ H2 H2+ HCHOaq à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢CH3OH In the presence of aluminum or magnesium methylate, paraformaldehydes react to form methyl formate. This is known as the Tischenko Reaction. 2HCHO polymerà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢HCO2CH3 IV. Addition Reactions: V. Condensation Reactions: Formaldehyde is a base product in many synthetic resin product.9 Formaldehyde condenses with urea, melamine, urethanes, cyanamide, aromatic sulfonamides and amines, and phenols to give a wide range of resins; Amino, Phenolic and Synthetic Resins.6 3.0METHODS OF PRODUCING FORMALDEHYDE Over the years, the starting feedstock for the commercial production of formaldehyde is Methanol. This feedstock has been produced by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen, both usually from natural gas or petroleum fractions, under high pressures in the presence of a catalyst.3 Various patents have been published for the production of formaldehyde but most with no commercial importance. Of all these, the procedure to be discussed is the reduction of carbon monoxide. 3.1Reduction of Carbon Oxides This process has been put through a lot of research due to its low cost of raw materials and potential simplicity. The end-product of this reaction is usually methanol with formaldehyde as an intermediate in the reaction. This process is a two-step reaction; part of the reaction is a simple hydrogenation process and the other, by the Cannizzaro reaction of formaldehyde with itself. The reaction with copper-alumina catalyst forms formaldehyde at temperatures of 282 487 °C and pressures of 117 410 atmospheres.10 CO+ H2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬ CH2O This reduction reaction is highly unfavorable as a means of formaldehyde synthesis due to the following reasons. * Unreasonable high pressures required to obtain high yields * To obtain equilibrium at a reasonable rate and avoid hydrogenation, an extremely active and selective catalyst would be required. 3.2Methanol and Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is industrially manufactured with methanol through three main processes.6 1. Partial oxidation and dehydrogenation with air in the presence of silver crystals, steam, and excess methanol at 680 720 °C (BASF process, 97 98 % methanol conversion). 2. Partial oxidation and dehydrogenation with air in the presence of crystalline silver or silver gauze, steam, and excess methanol at 600 650 °C (77 87 % primary conversion of methanol). The conversion is completed by distilling the product and recycling the unreacted methanol 3. Oxidation only with excess air in the presence of a modified iron molybdenum vanadium oxide catalyst at 250 400 °C (98 99% methanol conversion). Process 3, also known as the FORMOX process, a highly exothermic process, occurs at temperatures of about 350 °C. Though this process uses lower temperatures and a cheaper catalyst, the dehydrogenation process is still prevalent in the industry because of its lower operating costs.2, 3 Production of formaldehyde via conversion of propane, ethylene, propylene, butylene, ethers and butane are not economic therefore have little or no industrial relevance. In addition, the partial hydrogenation of CO and methane oxidation results in lower yields as compared to the former processes.6 3.3Development of the Methanol Process The initial method for the development of formaldehyde was originated from by Hofmann, which is the passing of a mixture of air and methanol over a heated platinum spiral and dissolution of this product to form aqueous formaldehyde, formalin.10 This process was replaced due to difficulties with explosions in completing the product recovery. Subsequent development involved the replacement of the platinum catalyst with platinised asbestos in a heated tube by Volhard. Further research by Tollens introduced the direct relationship between the methanol-air vapour ratio and the formaldehyde yield; which is still a main principle in todays industries. 10 Leow refined the two later processes by replacing the platinum catalyst with copper gauze. This initiated the first continuous process for formaldehyde production. The first stage of this process yielded about 15 20% formaldehyde, with an additional 30% conversion due to further heating of the reaction gases. 10 Though not aware at the time of the concept of green chemistry, research was carried out covering the preparation of catalysts, reaction times and temperatures, and product absorption during the early years of commercial development of formaldehyde. This led to technological development for the use of a silver catalyst by O. Blank in 1910. Thorough investigation with the use of this catalyst proved that higher yields were obtainable as to that of the copper catalyst. 10 Large scale manufacturing welcomed improvements in the method for vapourising alcohol, the scrubbing systems and in the control of the heat of reaction. The copper gauze was observed to disintegrate or fuse together with high air-methanol ratios. To tackle this issue, low ratios were introduced to help keep the catalyst active but this resulted in excess methanol distilled from the formaldehyde. 10 The progress made throughout the years has been achieved by the following: * Efficient catalysts * Improved methods of control * Implicit engineering economies 3.3.1Silver Catalyst Process This route is the classic method for the industrial production of formaldehyde. The two main reactions governed by this process are dehydrogenation and partial oxidation. The dehydrogenation of methanol is a highly endothermic, 650 °C, and heat of reaction is usually obtained from the burning of the hydrogen enclosed in the flue gas. These processes are usually carried out by reacting methanol and air over a heated stationary catalyst and scrubbing the off gases with water to obtain aqueous formaldehyde. 6 Addition of inert substances, water or nitrogen, aids conversion by using higher methanol concentrations relative to the oxygen supplied without reaching the explosive phase. A few key reactions take place during methanol conversion to formaldehyde. 3 CH3OH à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾CH2O+ H2 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= +84kJ/mol H2 +12O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ H2O à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= -243kJ/mol CH3OH+12O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CH2O+ H2O à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= -159kJ/mol Methyl formate, methane and formic acid are important by products of the above reactions. Below are a few undesirable reactions that must be avoided by proper control of temperature and other factors to obtain high yields. CH2O à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CO+ H2 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= +12.5kJ/mol CH3OH +32O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CO2+ 2H2O à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= -674kJ/mol CH2O +O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CO2+ H2O à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= -519kJ/mol The usual process for the commercial production of formaldehyde is through the incomplete oxidation of the methanol. So far, this has been proven to be the most optimal process because the distilled methanol is recovered and recycled in the process. This results in higher yield, higher conversion and a high atom economy. 6, 10 The BASF Process This process involves the complete conversion of methanol to formaldehyde (Reaction 1). This process indirectly applied some of the principles of green chemistry. 6, 10 1. Few reaction steps 2. Recycling of materials within the production system to optimise product recovery resulting in a very high atom economy. 3. Environmental awareness with combusted off-gases having no adverse effect on the environment 4. The use of water as a solvent 5. Incorporation of all materials in the process, maximizing final product with extremely low weight percent of by-products formed 6. Optimum surface reaction with arrangement of catalyst 7. Process conditions adjusted to ensure that in retrieving of the final product, the mixture is easily stripped without scare of an explosion. Incomplete Conversion and Distillative Recovery of Methanol In this process, methanol is partially oxidised and distilled to recover formaldehyde. This is the most widely used method of production. It should be noted that an economically feasible process is not necessarily a green process. Partial oxidation of methanol has similar characteristics but differ with the following with respect to green chemistry. 6 1. Two-stage reaction 2. Lower reaction temperatures adopted in the first stage to help suppress the formation of unwanted by-products. 3. Heat of reaction generated from cooling the off gases, recycled in the system reducing energy requirements. 4. Larger amount of methanol is recovered in this process with little presence of the b-products 5. Similar off-gases as produced in the BASF process 6. It also has an alternative route that recycles the tail gas from the top of the absorber. This reduces the amount of feedstock, methanol, required in the process. This produces a more concentrated solution and saves up cost for the distillation process and the yield is relatively high (91-92%). Factors affecting the yield in methanol oxidation processes * The higher the temperature in a dehydrogenation reaction, the higher methanol is converted in the process system. 10,6 * Process air controls the desired reaction temperature and the extent to which the endothermic reactions occur. 10,6 * Besides catalyst temperature, the inert materials added as stated earlier also affect the yield. 10,6 Some of the advantages of the silver catalyst process are listed below:11 * Most cost effective means of manufacturing formaldehyde * Increased formaldehyde yield, methanol conversion and catalyst life * Reduced silver requirements * Greater resistance to plant upsets and poisoning * Improved formaldehyde product quality * Technology demonstrated worldwide 3.2.2FORMOX Process The FORMOX process is the direct oxidation of methanol with metal oxide catalysts (iron, molybdenum or vanadium oxide) to produce formaldehyde. Normally, the catalyst used for this process is a mixture of molybdenum and iron in a ratio of 1.5:2.0. Due to the development of this catalyst, a few advantages have been attributed to this process over the silver catalyst processes. This will be discussed in the later part of this report. The FORMOX process can be characterised as follows: 1. Two stage oxidation reaction in gaseous state. This prevents waste that would have been generated by use of a solvent.6 2. Reaction carried out under atmospheric pressure and at lower temperatures (270 400 °C), results in an almost complete reaction. 6 3. Careful adjustments of process conditions help prevent the formation of unwanted by-products. These side reactions occur at temperatures exceeding 470 °C. 6 4. The conversion rate for this process is relatively high with a high optimization process. 5. One short-coming of this process is with the tail gas that has lots of impurities and flammable components. The alternative route used instead of combustion is in the addition of fuel to the system which burns the tail gas as a supplement for energy in other start-up processes. 6 In summary, the green advantages of the three commercial processes can be summarised as follows: 7 1. Few unit operations 2. Waste is minimised by a highly selective reaction 3. Use of catalysts to optimise process reactions 4. Water used as the only solvent 5. Reaction carried out at atmospheric pressure 6. Gas-phase reaction for the FORMOX process means that catalyst does not have to be recovered from solution 7. Recovery of energy from exothermic reactions to help reduce environmental and economic impacts. 8. High conversion rates achieved through efficient use of equipment, energy and material 9. Use of air as oxidant instead of chemical oxidising agents reducing the toxicity and by-products formed. 3.3Development of New Processes Various research works have been carried out for developing new formaldehyde synthesis. Unfortunately, there has been no existence of commercial units of the techniques discussed below: 1. Partial oxidation of methane to produce formaldehyde which has an advantage of reducing raw material costs of producing the methanol from methane. The inducement for such a process is reduction of raw material costs by avoiding the capital and expense of producing the methanol from methane. 12 2. Production of anhydrous or highly concentrated formaldehyde solutions via dehydrogenation of methanol. In some instances, energy costs are reduced as well as effluent generation, and losses, providing a more favorable condition. 12 3. Formaldehyde production from methylal (produced from methanol and formaldehyde) which is in two phases. Firstly, methylal oxidation which yields up to 70% of the concentrated formaldehyde product as compared to methanol oxidation with 55%. After this, methylal is produced by reacting formaldehyde obtained in aqueous recycle streams from other units with methanol as opposed to recovery by other more costly means, e.g. distillation and evaporation. Development of this process is complete. 12 Further research is still being carried out in the use of bacteria to produce formaldehyde. This will not be discussed in this report. 4.0ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH FORMALDEHYDE REFERENCES 1. Formaldehyde Council, I. (2007, November). Formaldehyde: Facts and Background Information. Retrieved May 10, 2010, from http://www.formaldehyde.org/_base/pdf/fact_sheets/11_01_07-FormadehydeFactsandBackgroundInformation.pdf 2. Daily, C. (2004, April 01). The Chemistry Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Formaldehyde 3. Council, N. R. (1981). Formaldehyde and other Aldehydes. Washington, D.C, USA. 4. Wikimedia. (2010, May 02). Formaldehyde. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde 5. Harrison, K. (1998, July). Formaldehyde. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from 3d Chem: http://www.3dchem.com/molecules.asp?ID=101 6. Wiley, I. (2006). Formaldehyde. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from Ullmans Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry: http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com.resourceproxy.manchester.ac.uk/emrw/9783527306732/ueic/article/a11_619/current/pdf 7. Chuck, R. (n.d.). A Catalytic Green Process for the Production of Niacin. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from Lonza Group: http://www.lonza.com/group/en/company/news/publications_of_lonza.-ParSys-0002-ParSysdownloadlist-0026-DownloadFile.pdf/25_A%20Catalytic%20Green%20Process%20for%20the%20Production%20of%20Niacin.pdf 8. Wikimedia. (2010, April 15). Trioxane. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3,5-Trioxane 9. Smith, S. (2010). What is formaldehyde resin? Retrieved May 07, 2010, from Wisegeek: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-formaldehyde-resin.htm 10. Walker, J. F. (1967). Formaldehyde. Wilmington, Delaware: Reinhold Publishing Corporation. 11. GFRT. (Updated 2010). Silver Catalysts. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from Global Formaldehyde and Resin Technologies: http://www.globalformaldehyde.com/silver.htm 12. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Formaldehyde, Vol12. John Wiley Sons.

How to Work at Subway :: Process Essays

How to Work at Subway The only thing required to hold a decent job is a little responsibility. Any person who can communicate in English and perform physical activities should be able to hold a job. This is the case at Subway. A person needs no more extra skills to be employed there than one can learn in two days. However, failure to demonstrate responsibility will lead to unemployment. Showing up for work on time is the first thing that a person has to do if working at Subway. When a person goes to work, he or she must be dressed in proper uniform. This includes a Subway brand shirt and hat, a black apron, and black pants (or Subway brand shorts). Anyone who is smarter than a brick can follow these simple rules. Failure tocomply with such easy instructions will result in joblessness. It is indeed amazing that anyone could get fired for demonstrating such a complete lack of dependability. Yet they do. The next and most obvious task one must perform at Subway is the making of sandwiches (plus salads and wraps, but let's not get too elaborate). The first step for making a tasty hoagie is finding out what type of bread the customer wants (typically white or wheat). Next, the employee must ask how large the loaf will be (six or twelve inches). After the initial bread information is gathered, one may commence cutting. Simply slice the entire length of the bread, but do not cut all the way through, to create a hinge effect. The entrà ©e is then ready to be dressed. There is a specific order to the ingredients placed on a Subway sub, which must be adhered to unless the customer requests otherwise. The cheese goes on the sub first. Then the meat (obviously the meat is excluded for vegetarian subs) is placed on top of the cheese. Sauces such as mustard and mayonnaise go above the meat. Vegetables go on next. The order to prompt a person for "veggies" is: hot or mild peppers; pickles, peppers, olives; lettuce, onion, tomato. Finally on the layer of vegetables are applied the other condiments: oil, vinegar, salt, pepper. The lid to the sandwich is situated on top. If the comestible is of the foot-long variety, then it is cut in half before serving. Finally, the edible piece of art is wrapped in paper and delivered to the customer.

Readers are Leaders Essay

The difference between the gastric bypass and the Lap-band are that they both restrict the amount of food intake but the gastric bypass reroutes where the stomach and part of the intestines connect causing temporary malabsorption. The lap-band only restricts the amount of food intake. With any surgery or alteration to the body system there introduces the possibilities of complications and all surgeries come with risk. Complications of from a gastric bypass includes ulcers are holes or breaks in the protective lining of the upper part of the small intestine or the stomach causing pain in  discomfort. Ulcers can usually be treated successfully by medications. A stricture is when the new connection between the stomach and small intestine heals, but as it heals, it can forms scar tissue that can make the opening of the connection smaller. This variety of gastric bypass side effects may even progress to the patient not tolerating any solid food or liquids. Lapbandrisksincludebandslip,thetermâ€Å"bandslip†iskindofdeceivingbecausethe band itself does not move and cause the problem. A â€Å"slip† occurs when the stomach that is below the band â€Å"slips† up or prolapses through the band. This causes the opening between the pouch and the lower stomach to become even more narrowed or completely blocked. Obstructions after placement of the band brought on by overfilling the band can cause esophageal outlet obstruction. Port and Tubing complications: These complications represent a significant source of problems after lap band. Failure of the port and tubing may be related to mechanical forces associated with change in abdominal wall anatomy after weight loss, as well as physical changes in the silicone tubing.

Free Essays on Fuente Ovejuna

The play’s central plot focuses on Frondoso (Andy Schlichter COL ’02), a peasant who is forced to defend his honour and his love, Laurencia (Danielle Cantrel, SFS ’02), against a tyrannical overlord. Played out against the backdrop of the 15th-century Spanish Catholic monarchy, the village of Fuente Ovejuna finally rises against the tyrannical Commander (Sean Greene, COL ’01) to protect its two citizens. The importance of collective action and responsibility saturates the story, and all of the characters are solid in their own performances. Cantrel is a standout as the energetic heroine, as is Alex Banks (COL ’01) who plays the hang-loose Esteban. Cabrera dilutes the historical aspect of the play with contemporary costumes and a simple set that imitates Gaudi using soda bottles. Her attempt to relate the events of the play with those of modern times is understandable because "Fuente Ovejuna" adapts historical details for mainly poetic purposes. Stripped down to its bare bones, the story deals with the reconstruction of a perfect world. However, the play is tightly tied to its setting in that it revolves around class struggles specific to the period. These important themes are weakened in her modern translation and leave the play unbalanced. Cabrera’s most ambitious decision is to present the play through a feminist perspective, adding an interesting element to the power struggles within the play. Most of the male characters are chauvinistic and self-important; women portray the obedient or manipulative characters. Cabrera also casts some actors in two opposing roles, allowing them to experience two characters with varying degrees of power and importance. It becomes as much a learning experience for the actors as it does for the audience. By the third act, the play’s cohesiveness begins to disintegrate. De Vega’s script, which appears to lose its drive, is partly to blame. It is as if he became bored with t... Free Essays on Fuente Ovejuna Free Essays on Fuente Ovejuna The play’s central plot focuses on Frondoso (Andy Schlichter COL ’02), a peasant who is forced to defend his honour and his love, Laurencia (Danielle Cantrel, SFS ’02), against a tyrannical overlord. Played out against the backdrop of the 15th-century Spanish Catholic monarchy, the village of Fuente Ovejuna finally rises against the tyrannical Commander (Sean Greene, COL ’01) to protect its two citizens. The importance of collective action and responsibility saturates the story, and all of the characters are solid in their own performances. Cantrel is a standout as the energetic heroine, as is Alex Banks (COL ’01) who plays the hang-loose Esteban. Cabrera dilutes the historical aspect of the play with contemporary costumes and a simple set that imitates Gaudi using soda bottles. Her attempt to relate the events of the play with those of modern times is understandable because "Fuente Ovejuna" adapts historical details for mainly poetic purposes. Stripped down to its bare bones, the story deals with the reconstruction of a perfect world. However, the play is tightly tied to its setting in that it revolves around class struggles specific to the period. These important themes are weakened in her modern translation and leave the play unbalanced. Cabrera’s most ambitious decision is to present the play through a feminist perspective, adding an interesting element to the power struggles within the play. Most of the male characters are chauvinistic and self-important; women portray the obedient or manipulative characters. Cabrera also casts some actors in two opposing roles, allowing them to experience two characters with varying degrees of power and importance. It becomes as much a learning experience for the actors as it does for the audience. By the third act, the play’s cohesiveness begins to disintegrate. De Vega’s script, which appears to lose its drive, is partly to blame. It is as if he became bored with t...

The Leveraged Buyout of Rjr Nabisco Essays

The Leveraged Buyout of Rjr Nabisco Essays The Leveraged Buyout of Rjr Nabisco Paper The Leveraged Buyout of Rjr Nabisco Paper The Leveraged Buyout of RJR Nabisco In 1988, a war was launched for the control of RJR Nabisco. It ended at the end of the year when KKR won the bidding war with a $ 109 per share offer and took RJR Nabisco private. Before the details of the leveraged buyout (LBO) are discussed, it is important to understand what made RJR Nabisco so attractive. RJR Nabisco was a conglomerate company that was involved in mainly two industries. It had divisions in the tobacco and food industries. In the tobacco division, RJR was the manufacturer of some very successful cigarettes. It also had some very popular brands in its food division such as the Oreo. Before the leveraged buyout war began, the company was not performing as well as it was expected to. Furthermore, according to the movie, â€Å"Barbarians at the gate†, RJR was supposed to launch a new type of smokeless cigarette. However, focus groups had demonstrated that the product was less than desirable. In addition, they had already spent more than $ 350M in research and development for this product. The management team was anticipating that the market would react negatively on the company’s stock price after the launch of the cigarette. Due to the fact that, Ross Johnson, the CEO of RJR Nabisco and other executives had access to information that the market had not yet received, they sought to evade the market reaction by taking the company private. By going private, the management could gain more freedo m on the control of the company without being pressured by shareholders. Thus, they did not have to be concerned about the stock price and could concentrate on the firm’s operations. Amongst the different strategies that they could have used, RJR was a perfect candidate for a LBO. First off, RJR had a stable cash flow from its divisions which was also sheltered from business cycles. 3 They also had low capital expenditures and debt and a lot of unused debt capacity. 3 Furthermore, using more debt would provide tax shields. 3 For these reasons, RJR Nabisco was very attractive for a LBO because it could mainly use its operating cash flows to pay down its debt.

Corporate Social Responsibility Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Assignment Example Social concerns basically focus on the issues in which the business affects the society. It is also referred to as ‘social justice’, under it the people, societies and culture are accounted for, they are protected through various social programs such as native lands, predatory lending and other forms of corporate hoarding (SRIplanner, 2011). Governance, or Corporate Governance, is not a widely known concept; however it is of major significance. It refers to the manners and ways in which a corporation is managed, incorporating issues such as transparency, executive compensation and general decision making. Hence, it reflects on how well the firm is including CSR in its policies and abiding by them (SRIplanner, 2011). 1.2. Discuss the links between an organizational Corporate Social Responsibility strategy and the organization’s internal stakeholders. The stakeholders of a business are a crucial determinant of the success of any CSR strategy. The stakeholders of a b usiness can be categorized into two broad categories of internal and external stakeholders. This section focuses on the internal stakeholders and their link with the organization CSR strategy. The internal stakeholders of any business include the shareholders, the visitors and the staff/employees of a business. Their participation in the entire strategy is a key factor for attaining success, for if the key departments or staffs do not understand the program, then they would not support it enthusiastically, therefore an error in communication with internal stakeholders or lack of their involvement can bring down the entire CSR strategy by making it weak from the inside. The offices from which the staff operates should show that the firm is...The stakeholders of a business are a crucial determinant of the success of any CSR strategy. The stakeholders of a business can be categorized into two broad categories of internal and external stakeholders. This section focuses on the internal s takeholders and their link with the organization CSR strategy. The internal stakeholders of any business include the shareholders, the visitors and the staff/employees of a business. Their participation in the entire strategy is a key factor for attaining success, for if the key departments or staffs do not understand the program, then they would not support it enthusiastically, therefore an error in communication with internal stakeholders or lack of their involvement can bring down the entire CSR strategy by making it weak from the inside. The offices from which the staff operates should show that the firm is environmentally friendly, the policies related to social endeavors should be hung around the workplace to depict importance, and the CSR efforts should be made public and transparent so that the employees and the people visiting the office can feel that they are connected to a firm that takes up responsibility and accounts for its actions. When the employees feel good about t he place they work in, there would be lesser employee turnover and increased job satisfaction, and since motivation leads to increased productivity and growth, it is a positive sign for the business.

Perspectives on Case Manager Project Research Paper

Perspectives on Case Manager Project - Research Paper Example In part one, a team of two researchers carried out an eighteen in-person interviews (Fattoruso & Quinn, 2007). Notably, when one of two staff researchers was not available, either the interview proceeding was recorded or the project attorney carried on as, a substitute to maintain consistency of the interviews. More significantly, all stakeholders participated voluntarily and were subjected to the same set of questions. The open-ended questions interview took place at a location chosen by the interviewee within an average time of one hour. More so, these interviews occurred between October 2010 and December 2010 after the project had been in the market for six months. The full set of interview questions are located in â€Å"Appendix A† of this report while below is a description of the total number of interviewees and job categories: Bench Officers: One full-time dependency court Judge and one dependency Judge working part-time in criminal cases. Attorneys: Five dependency att orneys—three individual interviews, group of two attorneys. Social Worker’ from the Human Services Agency, Children’s Services Division: Three emergency response social workers, one Division Chief, and two treatment unit supervisors overseeing programs of group homes, residential treatment, placements, adoptions, and commencement planning. County Unified School District Staff: One superintendent secretary, and one child welfare linked with custody of student records. Local Community Based Organization: A focus group interview consisting of one Executive Director, one Associate Executive Director of Programs, and one Clinical Program Manager. This agency provides a wide range of services designed to foster healthy families. The researchers’ objectives of the stakeholder interview were to gain an understanding and discuss the project in terms of—communication, goals, teamwork and collaboration, resources, and impacts of the case manager position Comm unication Researchers received a wide variation of responses based on how often the stakeholder’s role communicated with the case manager. More significantly, each stakeholder had a different role and thus, communication with the case manager took place at different times and for different reasons. Only eleven percent of interviewees were able to give researchers a frequency of how often the communication occurs. Another eleven percent stated that communications occurred by either phone or email. In addition, researchers received key information about caseload type(s) and reasons as, to why communication among stakeholders is widespread or not. Notably, one interviewee stated that, â€Å"half of my cases have contact with the case manager†¦my caseload is up to 100.† Along the same lines, seventeen percent of interviewees mentioned that because the caseload for the target population is so low, they hardly ever cross paths (Fattoruso & Quinn, 2007). Conversely, twen ty-two percent of interviewees noted that they have never worked with the case manager. Moreover, the variation in responses depended on various settings. Seventeen percent of interviewees attested to the fact that their communications were in settings such as, formal meetings and dependency hearings. More significantly, twenty-two percent of interviewees provided examples of the educational issues comprising of requests for school credits, graduation options, school changes, and continuing education as, they worked with the c

Decline of USSR after the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decline of USSR after the Cold War - Essay Example The collapse of the Soviet Union is regarded by the West as "a victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism, and evidence of the superiority of capitalism over socialism." (Fall of the Soviet Union). The fall of the Soviet Union can rightly be understood as the fall of communism and the subsequent spread of democracy as a better form of government. The growth of communism in the USSR can be traced back to the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The newly formed Government after the revolution was based on socialistic and Communist ideologies and the aim of the Bolsheviks was "to overcome national differences, and rather to create one monolithic state based on a centralized economical and political system." (Fall of the Soviet Union). Later, the state was transformed into a totalitarian state which was controlled by the communist leadership. However, the totalitarian government could not assimilate the non-Russian ethnic groups in the country and the economic planning g of the state proved to be inadequate to meet the need of the time and its arms race with the United States proved to be disastrous for the nation. By the time, Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union's last leader, assumed power in the nation, the economic and political problems in the country was at its peak.In 1985, the election of Mikhail Gorbachev to the position of G eneral Secretary of the Soviet Union led to more political and economic liberalization in the Moscow regime. The Gorbachev era witnessed many radical economic reforms like perestroika in the USSR. The Glasnost offered greater freedom of expression and offered freedom of press which can be marked as the first step towards democracy in the nation. The Glasnost had far reaching effects in the USSR as the media brought to spotlight many of the social and political issues that the people were dissatisfied with, and this brought about a sort of new nationalism and resulted in ethnic tensions. In January 1987, Gorbachev moved a step forward to democratic way of multi-candidate elections and later his reforms were aimed at reducing the Communist party's hold in governmental affairs. The ultimate result of these reforms was that the central Moscow government lost its absolute control over the USSR's constituent republics and brought about decentralization of power. Gorbachev's radical reform s, in a way, offered opportunity for the constituent republics to demand autonomy and independence. It was the Baltic region under the government of Estonia that protested against the Moscow regime in 1987. Later Lithuania and Latvia came out with similar upheavals and culminated in the coup d'etat of 1991. There were massive protests in the nation and the military refused to suppress the protestors who were led by Yeltsin. After the failed coup attempt there were public demonstrations demanding democracy in the nation and finally on December 25, 1991, Gorbachev had to resign and the "Commonwealth of Independent Republics" replaced the communist regime. Boris Yeltsin resigned from the communist party and declared Russia's independence. This stirred the

Negotiating Agreement Essay Example for Free

Negotiating Agreement Essay The book â€Å"Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In† by Roger Fisher and William Ury discusses the principles to a win-win approach to negotiation. As they discussed each of the principles, the authors also described the obstacles to handling negotiation. To overcome them, the authors suggest observing these principles as stages in the process of negotiation. (Fisher Ury, 1983). The first principle requires negotiators to â€Å"separate the people from the problem. † According to this principle, negotiators should focus not on the people but rather on the solution. When negotiators are people-focused, conflict would inevitably arise. A good negotiation can be achieved by being more solutions-focused (Fish Ury, 1983). Fisher and Ury identified three problem areas that could prevent negotiators to overcome the first stage: conflicting perspectives, emotions, and communication. When negotiating, opposing viewpoints may arise. Hence, making an effort to understand the perception of the other party can help resolve the conflicting perspectives. Emotions are also part of the negotiation process, and it is important to acknowledge and deal with them accordingly. For instance, there are negotiators that have trust issues, so they are assume the worst and are afraid of trusting the other party. Instead of disregarding these emotions, both parties must reassure both sides of their good intentions. Finally, the negotiators should learn to listen actively and focus on what the other party is trying to express. In this way, misunderstandings would be avoided and the best solution for both sides can be achieved (Fisher Ury, 1983). The second principle states that one should focus on the interests of both parties, rather than their positions. When negotiating, both parties may hold a position or stand. To reach an agreement that benefits both sides, it is important to understand why they hold such a position. Through this, both parties’ interests would be identified and understood. This is essential in order to come up with a solution that best satisfies the interests of both parties. The third principle requires a negotiator to invent options for mutual gains. However, there are four obstacles that get in the way of generating creative options: premature judgment, searching for the single answer, assumption of the fixed pie, and thinking that solving their problem is their problem. The authors suggested several techniques to overcome these obstacles (Fish Ury, 1983). Separating the process of developing options from the evaluation stage is the first technique. Both parties should cooperate in order to produce more possible solutions to the problem. Brainstorming within the group can be best achieved by using four types of thinking: stating the problem, analyzing the problem, considering general approaches, and considering specific actions. Each side is encouraged to say their side regarding the problem. After a variety of proposals are set by both parties, they should evaluate these ideas. The evaluation process should begin with the most desirable proposals. In this way, both parties can improve and polish the proposals that fit the interest of both parties. The key to convincing people to agree is to make their decision an easy one to make. The last principle states that the negotiators should insist on using objective criteria. In order to resolve conflicting interest, the authors suggest that both parties should develop objective criteria which can serve as reasonable standards which they can base their decision upon. With these standards, an agreement that benefits both parties would be reached. By reading this book, I realized that in a negotiation, everyone aims to get the best possible deal. However, we should bear in mind that a negotiation does not only concern our personal interests; it involves the interests of everyone included in the negotiation. When ego and pride is involved, the negotiation will not succeed. Thus, there is no room for selfishness in negotiation. In addition, more problems would be settled and more deals would be closed if both parties put an effort to understand each other and find a solution that is mutually beneficial to them. Reference: Fisher, R. William, U. (1983). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. New York, NY: Penguin Books.

Greece :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Greece Geography So you want to know about Greece? Here are some highlights! Also check out the links to other sites about Greece. On this Page: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Key Facts †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Geographic Landmarks †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Points of Interest †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Major Industries †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historical Highlights †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Population and Culture †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Books about Greece †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Links to other sites about Greece Other related pages: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  World Geography Index †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient Greece Key Facts  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top of Page Greece is one of the oldest civilizations, dating back over 5000 years. Population: 10 million people Geographic size: 51,000 square miles Capital: Athens Major cities and population: Athens, Patra, Piraeus, Larisa and Salonica Geographic Landmarks  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top of Page Much of Greece is mountainous and rocky terrain, with the occasional plain. The Pindus Mountains start in northern Greece and stretch south to the Gulf of Patra. In the southern part of Greece are the Peloponnesus Mountains. About 20% of Greece is made up of islands. Crete is a large island located in the Mediterranean Sea. It is a popular tourist area for its beautiful mountains, coastline, and many ancient ruins.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most of the people in Greece live along the coast, or along rivers and harbors.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Points of Interest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top of Page The people of Greece were one of the earliest civilizations. Greece still has many ancient ruins, some over 4000 years old. Greece also has many medieval churchs. This makes Greece a very popular tourist area.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Greece is also well known for its sculptures, paintings, pottery, poetry and playwriting.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Major Industries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top of Page The land within Greece is not very productive for farming. The Greeks have struggled to build a strong economy. The standard of living in Greece is lower than other European countries. Manufacturing is becoming one of the key industries. Tourism is also very important, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast. Some farming includes wheat, fruits, vegetables, olives and grapes. Some areas support goat and sheep ranching. Fishing also continues to be an important industry.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historical Highlights  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top of Page Ancient Greece is considered the birthplace of European civilization, dating back over 5000 years. Many of the ancient ruins date back over 4000 years, with some caves showing signs of life over 10,000 years ago. The ancient greek people may have come from northern Africa. Ancient Greece produced many philosophers and scholars, such as Socrates and Plato. These Greeks contributed significantly to our current culture. They created the first democratic government, discovered many scientific principles, and created mathematics. The Greeks also contributed to the artistic community with Homer, who wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey, and other artisans creating sculptures, paintings, pottery, poetry and playwriting. Greece :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Greece Geography So you want to know about Greece? Here are some highlights! Also check out the links to other sites about Greece. On this Page: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Key Facts †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Geographic Landmarks †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Points of Interest †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Major Industries †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historical Highlights †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Population and Culture †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Books about Greece †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Links to other sites about Greece Other related pages: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  World Geography Index †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient Greece Key Facts  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top of Page Greece is one of the oldest civilizations, dating back over 5000 years. Population: 10 million people Geographic size: 51,000 square miles Capital: Athens Major cities and population: Athens, Patra, Piraeus, Larisa and Salonica Geographic Landmarks  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top of Page Much of Greece is mountainous and rocky terrain, with the occasional plain. The Pindus Mountains start in northern Greece and stretch south to the Gulf of Patra. In the southern part of Greece are the Peloponnesus Mountains. About 20% of Greece is made up of islands. Crete is a large island located in the Mediterranean Sea. It is a popular tourist area for its beautiful mountains, coastline, and many ancient ruins.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most of the people in Greece live along the coast, or along rivers and harbors.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Points of Interest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top of Page The people of Greece were one of the earliest civilizations. Greece still has many ancient ruins, some over 4000 years old. Greece also has many medieval churchs. This makes Greece a very popular tourist area.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Greece is also well known for its sculptures, paintings, pottery, poetry and playwriting.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Major Industries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top of Page The land within Greece is not very productive for farming. The Greeks have struggled to build a strong economy. The standard of living in Greece is lower than other European countries. Manufacturing is becoming one of the key industries. Tourism is also very important, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast. Some farming includes wheat, fruits, vegetables, olives and grapes. Some areas support goat and sheep ranching. Fishing also continues to be an important industry.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historical Highlights  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top of Page Ancient Greece is considered the birthplace of European civilization, dating back over 5000 years. Many of the ancient ruins date back over 4000 years, with some caves showing signs of life over 10,000 years ago. The ancient greek people may have come from northern Africa. Ancient Greece produced many philosophers and scholars, such as Socrates and Plato. These Greeks contributed significantly to our current culture. They created the first democratic government, discovered many scientific principles, and created mathematics. The Greeks also contributed to the artistic community with Homer, who wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey, and other artisans creating sculptures, paintings, pottery, poetry and playwriting.